Major Events
- Jan 10 Charles Farnese becomes Duke of Parma and Piacenza
- Feb 2 George Frideric Handel's opera "Poro" premieres at the King's Theatre in London, England
- Mar 5 Mission San Francisco de la Espada, first of the San Antonio missions, reestablished by Spanish missionaries on the bank of the San Antonio River [1]
- Mar 16 Treaty of Vienna signed by Prince Eugene of Savoy, Count Sinzendorf and Count Gundacker, Thomas Stahremberg and the British envoy to Vienna, Sir Thomas Robinson.
- Mar 24 Jerome (aka Hieronimus) de Salis naturalised as British by Act of Parliamentary.
- Apr 9 British mariner Robert Jenkins' ear is cut off by Spanish Guarde Costa in the Caribbean, catalyst for a later war between Britain and Spain
- May 28 All Hebrew books in Papal State are confiscated
- Jun 24 Freemason and Mayor of Philadelphia William Allen is appointed Provincial Grand Master of Pennsylvania, the first and youngest Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania
- Jul 8 Theologian Jonathan Edwards preaches his sermon "God Glorified in Man's Dependence" in Boston, later his first published sermon
- Jul 22 Spain signs Treaty of Vienna
- More 1731 Events
Martha Washington
Benjamin Banneker
Daniel Defoe
Antonio Vivaldi
Johann Sebastian Bach
Robert Walpole