Historical Events
- Jul 1 1st public schoolhouse opens at Washington and Mason St, San Francisco
- Jul 1 US War Department decrees that Kansas and Tennessee are to be canvassed for volunteers
- Jul 2 Battle of Hoke's Run, West Virginia - small Union victory
- Jul 3 Colonel Jackson receives his commission as brigadier general
- Jul 3 Martinsburg, Virginia - Confederate forces pull out before US advance
Pony Express
Jul 3 Pony Express arrives in San Francisco with overland letters from NY
- Jul 4 In a special session of 27th Congress Lincoln requests 400,000 troops
- Jul 4 Skirmish at Harper's Ferry, West Virginia
- Jul 5 Battle of Carthage, Missouri - US General Sigel attacks pro-secessionist
- Jul 7 Battle of Laurel Hill, Virginia
- Jul 8 Confederate General Sibley is given command of rebel troops in New Mexico territory
- Jul 10 Lincoln writes to Kentucky's militia and says Union troops will not enter that state
- Jul 11 Battle of Laurel Mountain Virginia - General Morris forces retreat of rebels
- Jul 11 Battle of Rich Mountain, Virginia - Rosecrans forces rebels to surrender
Event of Interest
Jul 12 Wild Bill Hickok reputed to have shot and killed David McCanles, possibly his first kill. Hickok later acquitted after found he acted in self defense.
- Jul 13 Battle of Corrick's Ford, Virginia (Carrick's Ford) - Union army takes total control of western Virginia
- Jul 14 General McDowell advances toward Fairfax Courthouse, Virginia with 40,000 troops
- Jul 14 Naval Engagement at Wilmington North Carolina - USS Daylight establishes blockade
- Jul 16 Manassas Campaign [->JUL 22]
- Jul 17 At Manassas, Virginia General Beauregard requests reinforcements for his 22,000 men, General Johnston is ordered to Manassas
- Jul 17 US Congress authorizes paper money
- Jul 18 Battle of Blackburn's Ford, Virginia
- Jul 20 Confederate states' congress began holding sessions in Richmond, Virginia
- Jul 21 First Battle of Bull Run [Battle of First Manassas], 1st major battle of the US Civil War is fought near Manassas, Virginia, Confederate victory
- Jul 25 Skirmish at Fort Fillmore, New Mexico Territory - Rebels attack Union troops
- Jul 25 Washington, D.C. - Crittenden resolution is passed stating that the war is to be fought to preserve union and uphold the Constitution, not to alter slavery
- Jul 27 Battle of Mathias Point, Virginia - Rebel forces repel a Federal landing
- Jul 27 Battle of St Augustine Springs, New Mexico Territory
- Jul 27 Confederate troops occupy Fort Fillmore, New Mexico
George McClellan Takes Command
Jul 27 Union General George McClellan takes command from McDowell of Potomac Army
- Jul 31 9,300 mm rainfall in July in Cherrapunji, Assam: then world record
Famous Birthdays
- Jul 1 John Clarkson, American Baseball HOF pitcher (Triple Crown 1889; no-hitter 1885; 3 × NL wins leader; 3 × NL strikeout leader; Chicago White Stockings, Boston Beaneaters), born in Cambridge, Massachusetts (d. 1909)
- Jul 1 Samuel D. Riddle, American thoroughbred owner (Man 'o War, War Admiral), born in Glen Riddle, Pennsylvania (d. 1951)
- Jul 3 Peter Jackson, Australian heavyweight boxer (International Boxing Hall of Fame), born in Christiansted, US Virgin Islands (d. 1901)
- Jul 7 Nettie Stevens, American geneticist (discovered sex chromosomes), born in Cavendish, Vermont (d. 1912) [1]
- Jul 11 George W. Norris, U.S. Senator noted for his advocacy of political reform and of public ownership of hydroelectric-power plants, born in Sandusky, Ohio (d. 1944)
- Jul 12 Anton Arensky, Russian composer, born in Novgorod, Russia (d. 1906)
- Jul 23 Alexander Willem Frederik Idenburg, Dutch politician of the Anti Revolutionary Party and Governor-General of Dutch Indies (1909-16), born in Rotterdam, Netherlands (d. 1935)
- Jul 25 Andrew Cowper Lawson, Scottish-Canadian Geologist who was the first person to identify and name the San Andreas Fault, born in Anstruther, Scotland (d. 1952)
- Jul 29 Alice Hathaway Lee Roosevelt, 1st wife of Theodore Roosevelt, born in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts (d. 1884)
- Jul 29 Sergei Sazonov, Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs (1910-16), born in Ryazan Governorate, Russian Empire (d. 1927)
Famous Deaths
- Jul 2 Petrus Augustus de Génestet, Dutch vicar and poet, dies at 31
- Jul 7 John Willis Ellis, US governor of NC (1858-61), dies
- Jul 13 Robert Selden Garnett, US Confederate Brigadier General, dies at 41
- Jul 21 Francis Stebbins Bartow, Confederate colonel, dies in battle at 44
- Jul 22 Barnard Elliott Bee, American military officer (US Army, 1845-61; Confederate Army, 1861), killed in action at 37, at the First Battle of Bull Run
- Jul 25 Jonas Furrer, Swiss lawyer and politician (first president of the Swiss Confederation), dies at 56
