What Happened in April 1857

Historical Events

The Confidence-Man

Apr 1 Herman Melville publishes the novel "The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade" on April Fool's Day in New York

Madame Bovary

Apr 12 French novelist Gustave Flaubert's first novel and masterpiece "Madame Bovary" is published in book form

  • Apr 21 Alexander Douglas patents the bustle
  • Apr 27 Establishment of Jewish congregations in Lower Austria prohibited
  • Apr 29 US Army, Pacific Div HQ permanently forms at Presidio (San Francisco)
  • Apr 30 San Jose State University forms

Famous Birthdays

  • Apr 5 Alexander-Jozef von Battenberg, Prince of Bulgaria (1879-86), born in Verona, Lombardy–Venetia (d. 1893)

Arthur Wesley Dow (1857-1922)

Apr 6 American artist and educator, born in Ipswich, Massachusetts

  • Apr 10 Henry Ernest Dudeney, English mathematician and puzzle maker, born in Mayfield, East Sussex, England (d. 1930)
  • Apr 14 Edgar Stillman Kelley, American composer (Gulliver), born in Sparta, Wisconsin (d. 1944)
  • Apr 14 Victor Horsley, English physician and neuroscientist, born in London (d. 1916)
  • Apr 18 Clarence Darrow, American defense attorney at Scopes Monkey Trial, born in Kinsman, Ohio (d. 1938)
  • Apr 19 Lucien Lévy-Bruhl, French scholar and philosopher, born in Paris (d. 1939)
  • Apr 20 Charles Louis Philippe Zilcken, Dutch painter and author (HW Knife Day), born in The Hague, Netherlands (d. 1930)
  • Apr 20 Hermann Bang, Danish writer, born in Asserballe, Denmark (d. 1912)
  • Apr 23 Ruggero Leoncavallo, Italian composer (I pagliacci/Zaza), born in Naples, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (d. 1919)
  • Apr 29 Édouard Rod, France-Swiss writer (Mishel' Tes'e), born in Nyon, Switzerland (d. 1910)
  • Apr 29 František Ondříček, Czech violinist and composer, born in Prague, Kingdom of Bohemia (d. 1922)
  • Apr 30 Eugen Bleuler, Swiss psychiatrist (introduced the term schizophrenia to describe the disorder previously known as dementia praecox), born in Zollikon, Switzerland (d. 1940)

Famous Deaths

  • Apr 8 Mangal Pandey, Indian Sepoy (soldier) in the 34th Bengal Native Infantry (B.N.I.) regiment of the British East India Company, hanged at 29
  • Apr 30 Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh, dies at 81